Classification of dangerous and harmful factors

The classification of dangerous and harmful factors is the basis for the analysis and identification of dangerous and harmful factors. There are many ways to classify dangerous and harmful factors, mainly including the following two methods:

1.Classify according to the direct causes of accidents and occupational hazards

(1) Physical danger and harmful factors

1) Defective equipment and facilities
Insufficient strength, insufficient rigidity, poor stability, poor sealing, stress concentration, shape defects, exposed moving parts, brake defects, other defects in equipment and facilities.

2) Protection defects
No protection, defects in protective devices and facilities, improper protection, improper support, insufficient protective distance, other protective defects.

3) Electricity
Exposed live parts, leakage, lightning, static electricity, sparks, and other electrical hazards.

4) Noise
Mechanical noise, electromagnetic noise, hydrodynamic noise, other noise.

5) Vibration
Mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydrodynamic vibration, other vibration.

6) Electromagnetic radiation
Ionizing radiation: X-rays, g-rays, a particles, β particles, protons, neutrons, high-energy electron beams, etc .; non-ionizing radiation: ultraviolet, laser, radio frequency radiation, ultra-high voltage electric fields.

7) Moving objects
Solid projectiles, liquid splashes, rebounds, rock and soil sliding, material stack sliding, air currents rolling, impact ground pressure, and other moving object hazards.

8) Open flame

9) High temperature substances that can cause burns
High temperature gas, high temperature solid, high temperature liquid, other high temperature substances.

10) Cryogenic substances that can cause frostbite
Low temperature gas, low temperature solid, low temperature liquid, other low temperature substances.

11) Dust and aerosol
Excluding explosive, toxic dust and aerosols.

12) Poor working environment
Chaotic working environment, sinking foundation, defect in safety aisle, poor lighting and lighting, harmful lighting, poor ventilation, lack of oxygen, poor air quality, poor water supply and drainage, gushing water, forced posture, high temperature, low temperature, high air pressure, Air pressure is too low, high temperature and humidity, natural disasters, and other poor working environments.

13) Signal defect
No signal facilities, improper signal selection, improper signal location, unclear signal, inaccurate signal display, other signal defects.

14) Mark defects
No sign, unclear sign, irregular sign, improper selection of sign, defective sign position, other sign defects.

15) Other physical dangers and harmful factors

(2) Chemical danger and harmful factors

1) Flammable and explosive substances
Flammable and explosive gas, flammable and explosive liquid, flammable and explosive solid, flammable and explosive dust and aerosol, other flammable and explosive substances.

2) Spontaneous combustion substances

3) Toxic substances
Toxic gases, toxic liquids, toxic solids, toxic dust and aerosols, and other toxic substances.

4) Corrosive substances
Corrosive gases, corrosive liquids, corrosive solids, and other corrosive substances.

5) Other chemical dangers and harmful factors

(3) Biological danger and harmful factors

1) Pathogenic microorganisms
Bacteria, viruses, other pathogenic microorganisms.

2) Infectious disease vectors

3) Harm to animals

4) Harmful plants

5) Other biological dangers and harmful factors

(4) Psychological and physiological dangers and harmful factors

1) Load exceeded
Physical load overload, hearing load overload, visual load overload, other load overload.

2) abnormal health

3) Engage in taboo operations

4) psychological abnormalities
Emotional abnormalities, risk-taking psychology, excessive nervousness, and other psychological abnormalities.

5) Identification of functional defects
Perceived delays, recognition errors, and other defects in recognition functions.

6) Other psychological and physical dangers and harmful factors

(5) Behavioral dangers and harmful factors

1) Command error
Command errors, illegal command, other command errors.

2) Operation error
Misoperation, illegal operations, and other operation errors.

3) Monitoring errors

4) Other errors

5) Other behavioral dangers and harmful factors

6) Other dangerous and harmful factors

2.Refer to the accident category

(1) Object strike
Refers to the movement of objects under the action of gravity or other external forces to hit the human body, resulting in personal injury and death, excluding objects caused by mechanical equipment, vehicles, cranes, collapse, etc.

(2) Vehicle injuries
Refers to the accident of human body fall and object collapse, falling, crushing injury caused by the motor vehicle of the enterprise, excluding accidents that occur when lifting equipment, hauling the vehicle and stopping the vehicle.

(3) Mechanical injuries
Refers to pinching, collision, shearing, entanglement, grinding, cutting, stabbing and other injuries caused by moving (static) parts, tools, and processed parts of machinery and equipment directly in contact with the human body, excluding mechanical injuries caused by vehicles and lifting machinery .

(4) Lifting injuries
Refers to squeezing, falling, (sling, lifting) object strike and electric shock in various lifting operations (including crane installation, maintenance, test).

(5) Electric shock
Including lightning strikes.

(6) Drowning
Including drowning from heights, excluding drowning in mines and underground water.

 (7) Scorching
Refers to flame burns, hot object burns, chemical burns (internal and external burns caused by acids, alkalis, salts, organic matter), physical burns (internal and external burns caused by light and radioactive substances), and does not include burns caused by electrical burns and fire.

(8) Fire

(9) Fall from height
Refers to casualties caused by falling while working at heights, excluding electric shocks.

(10) Collapse
It refers to an accident caused by an object that exceeds its own strength limit or damage due to structural stability under the action of external force or gravity, such as earth and rock collapse, scaffold collapse, and pile collapse when digging a trench. It is not suitable for mine roof gangs and vehicles. , Lifting machinery, collapse caused by blasting.

(11) Taking the Top Film Gang

(12) Permeable

(13) Blasting
Refers to casualties in blasting operations.

(14) Explosive powder
Refers to the explosion accidents in the production, processing, transportation and storage of gunpowder, explosives and their products.

(15) Gas explosion
(16) Boiler explosion
(17) Container explosion
(18) Other explosions
(19) Poisoning and suffocation
(20) Other injuries

Dangerous and harmful factors identification method

1.Intuitive experience analysis method

(1) Comparison and experience method
The comparison and empirical method is a method of analyzing the risk and harmful factors of an enterprise by referring to relevant standards, regulations, checklists, or relying on the observation and analysis capabilities of analysts.

(2) Analogy method
 The analog method is to use the experience of the same or similar engineering systems or operating conditions and statistics of labor safety and health to analogize and analyze the dangerous and harmful factors of the enterprise.

2. System security analysis method

The system security analysis method is to identify some dangerous and harmful factors by applying certain methods in the evaluation of system security engineering.
System safety analysis methods are often used in new development systems that are complex and have no accident experience. Commonly used system security analysis methods are event trees and accident trees.