On the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage traditional craft project
Chang Yi [1]
(Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122)
Abstract: "intangible cultural heritage re entering life" is the necessity for the continuous inheritance and development of traditional technology. In the process of promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional technology, we must clarify the relationship and difference between traditional intangible cultural heritage technology and its innovative design, cultural and creative product design and modern product design, so as to correctly handle the inheritance and innovation of traditional intangible cultural heritage technology projects. The traditional technology of innovative design can better integrate into contemporary life and promote it to become an organic part of contemporary life style is the best inheritance and development; and the cultural and creative products of integrated innovative design based on the cultural elements of "traditional technology" originate from the cultural elements of traditional technology, which enhance the added value of products with traditional culture and will popularize and inherit the traditional technology The modern product design that absorbs the cultural elements of "traditional crafts" will play a positive role in the construction of national cultural soft power with its unique cultural elements of "intangible cultural heritage traditional crafts project". All of them are creative transformation and innovative development forms of traditional intangible cultural heritage technology in the contemporary era, but they need to be clearly defined in specific practice.
[Key words]: intangible cultural heritage, traditional technology, cultural and creative product design, modern design, innovation
Since 2015, with the promotion of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of education, the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Heritage group training program" has been implemented. More than 110 institutions of higher learning have actively participated in the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage" jointly implemented by the Ministry of culture and tourism, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of human resources and social security "Heritage group training program" has benefited more than 70000 young and middle-aged intangible cultural heritage heritage inheritors so far. " [2] In addition to a series of activities such as intangible cultural heritage exposition and cultural heritage day launched by the Ministry of culture and high-density reports by the central and local media, "intangible cultural heritage" has become a hot topic in the contemporary era, and "intangible cultural heritage" has become a consensus of the society.
In this context, the inheritance and innovation development of intangible cultural heritage traditional technology project (hereinafter referred to as traditional technology) has also been carried out in a colorful and diverse form. Of course, with the emergence of new things, we are not deep enough in their development rules and understanding. It is also a normal cognitive process to discuss, even argue and destroy reputation. Is there a boundary between the traditional intangible cultural heritage technology and its innovative design, cultural and creative product design and modern product design? Is there "over design" in traditional process innovation? How to implement "traditional process innovation" correctly? All of them are urgent issues to be solved in the inheritance and development of traditional crafts at this stage.
It is always beneficial to discuss, which will make us more deeply understand the internal development law of "traditional technology" and its innovation.
1、 "Intangible cultural heritage re entering life" is the necessity of its inheritance and development
（1） The understanding of laws, regulations and government documents in different periods on the internal development law of intangible cultural heritage protection has been deepened
The idea of intangible cultural heritage re entering life is clearly put forward in the continuous exploration of intangible cultural heritage protection practice.
On August 28, 2004, the eleventh meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress adopted a decision to ratify the Convention on the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Article 37 of the law of the people's Republic of China on intangible cultural heritage, which came into force on June 1, 2011, "the State encourages and supports the exertion of the special advantages of intangible cultural heritage resources, on the basis of effective protection, the rational use of intangible cultural heritage representative projects to develop cultural products and services with local, national characteristics and market potential." [3] Legal documents clearly stipulate that intangible cultural heritage can reasonably utilize and develop cultural products and services with market potential, and indicate the relationship between intangible cultural heritage and life.
In February 2012, the guiding opinions on strengthening the productive protection of intangible cultural heritage pointed out: "under the premise of effective protection and inheritance To promote the protection of intangible cultural heritage more closely integrated into people's production and life "[4] in the government documents for the first time put forward the concept of" productive protection "of intangible cultural heritage to promote the integration of intangible cultural heritage protection into people's life.
In November 2015, the notice of the general office of the Ministry of culture and the general office of the Ministry of education on the implementation of the training plan for the study and study of the inheritors of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage "I. The purpose of the plan, the training plan for the study and study focuses on" strengthening the foundation and broadening the horizons " To promote traditional crafts into modern life... " [5] At the beginning of the implementation of the research and training program, it advocated the intangible cultural heritage to enter modern life and grasped the key of the intangible cultural heritage protection work.
"Revitalization plan of traditional Chinese crafts" in March 2017 (I) overall objective. Based on the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation So that the traditional technology can be widely used in modern life and better meet the needs of the people's consumption upgrading. " [6] It is emphasized that the revitalization of traditional crafts can not be separated from the application in modern life and meet the people's higher demand for intangible cultural heritage products with high quality and excellent traditional cultural carriers.
Article 4 of the measures for the administration of national cultural and ecological reserves in December 2018: "the construction of national cultural and ecological reserves shall adhere to the concept of protection priority, overall protection and people to see things to see life, not only protecting intangible cultural heritage, but also protecting the human and natural environment that breeds and develops intangible cultural heritage,..." [7] In fact, the concept of intangible cultural heritage protection of "seeing people, seeing things and seeing life" contains the goal of rebuilding the cultural ecological environment in line with the existence of intangible cultural heritage and integrating intangible cultural heritage into life.
UNESCO is an international organization among governments to discuss educational, scientific and cultural issues. Therefore, China's policies and guidelines on the protection of "intangible cultural heritage" are bound to be promoted and implemented by the Chinese government. Since joining the Convention for the protection of intangible cultural heritage in August 2004, the release of relevant government documents in various periods is not only a summary of experience and theoretical distillation of intangible cultural heritage protection practice, but also a specific guidance for the subsequent work of intangible cultural heritage. In practice, the awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection is constantly improved, and the concept of "intangible cultural heritage re entering life" is exactly the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection for many years Summarize the law of internal development of nursing.
（2） "Intangible cultural heritage re entering life" points out the direction of intangible cultural heritage protection, inheritance and development
Generally speaking, the "intangible cultural heritage" we see today is people's way of production and life before industrialization. With the development of modern society such as industrialization and the "traditional crafts" in the traditional way of life, most of the "intangible cultural heritage" we see today is no longer the necessity and demand of the contemporary way of life, which causes some of today's "intangible cultural heritage" projects to be carried out As the so-called "rescue protection" [8], some of the inheritance and development of "intangible cultural heritage" projects have encountered such urgent problems as the loss of employees and the lack of external environment.
"Intangible cultural heritage" has lost the environment of its traditional way of life, and the inheritors of traditional crafts can't rely on their skills and products to obtain dignified material life and spiritual satisfaction in modern society. Obviously, their continuous inheritance and development can't rely on "feelings", and it's not in line with the law of social and economic development only relying on the support of the government, and it's not conducive to the continuation of "intangible cultural heritage" in the long run Continuous inheritance and development will only become a kind of cultural "specimen" of the past.
The inheritance and development of "intangible cultural heritage" in the contemporary era, on the one hand, must arouse its endogenous power, promote its innovative development to meet the needs of contemporary life, on the other hand, it also needs the society to actively create "environment", that is, Mr. Xu Yiyi's "restoration and reconstruction of traditional, elegant and healthy life style" [9] The former is easier to implement and more proactive, which is in line with the Convention on the protection of intangible cultural heritage (I) "intangible cultural heritage", which refers to the communities. This intangible cultural heritage is handed down from generation to generation, and is constantly recreated in communities and groups as they adapt to their surroundings and interact with nature and history, providing them with a sense of identity and sustainability, thus enhancing respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. " [10] Spirit, in line with the inherent development law of "intangible cultural heritage" protection, while "intangible cultural heritage re-entry into life" also promotes "restoration and reconstruction of life style"; the latter is passive for inheritors, which needs long-term efforts of the whole society. In this way, the two are actually complementary.
Therefore, it is a clear direction for the protection, inheritance and development of the intangible cultural heritage to stimulate the endogenous innovation power of the intangible cultural heritage, make it meet the needs of the development of contemporary social life, and let the intangible cultural heritage enter into life again.
So, as an important part of intangible cultural heritage projects, how should "traditional crafts" develop in the contemporary era and in what form to continue to develop in order to better integrate into contemporary life?
2、 Traditional technology and its innovative design, cultural and creative product design and modern product design
We need to clarify the three forms that have appeared in the current development of intangible cultural heritage traditional technology, that is, the connection and difference between the intangible cultural heritage traditional technology and its innovative design, cultural and creative product design, and modern product design, so as to correctly handle the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage traditional technology projects.
（1） Traditional technology and its innovative design
As for the intangible cultural heritage traditional technology projects that no longer adapt to the contemporary social life, the product design innovation or "redesign" is to meet the aesthetic needs and use functions of the contemporary people, and to be an organic part of the contemporary life style. This process is actually the inheritance and development of the intangible cultural heritage traditional technology, which is sustainable development Inheritance. In line with the Convention's definition of intangible cultural heritage.
From a historical point of view, the development of intangible cultural heritage traditional craft projects is completely consistent with the definition of "Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention", such as the national intangible cultural heritage project "blue printed cloth". At present, we can see that the earliest blue printed cloth objects are four blue printed cloth quilt surfaces (collected in Minhang District Museum of Shanghai, Shanghai History Museum, respectively) found in the tombs of Sanyou village, Minhang Town, Shanghai in 1965 Museum), which was determined by archaeology as the blue printed fabric product in the late Ming Dynasty. Therefore, we can compare the materials, patterns, shapes, crafts and applications of the blue printed fabric products in the four periods of Ming, Qing, Republic of China and contemporary vertically. For example, the patterns of the blue printed fabric in the late Ming Dynasty are more elegant, among which the "court playing quilt" is the only suitable pattern organization The open pattern (made of three fabrics) has a strong painting style. Until the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, such a pattern layout was relatively rare, more see the combination of auspicious flowers and birds patterns suitable for pattern organization. For example, before the Republic of China, the width limit of fabric door Limited to hand-made looms was generally no more than 50 cm wide, and a quilt generally needed 3-4 From the Republic of China to 1949, the blue printed calico quilt made of wide mechanism cotton generally only needs two pieces of cloth splicing. All these changes are produced with the development of aesthetics and technology of the times. No one will say that the blue printed cloth of the Republic of China can not be called blue printed cloth because of its development compared with that of the late Ming Dynasty, because of its core technical characteristics“