Source: Li Shuang, research center of safety science and emergency management, China University of mining and technology, date of issue: the coal mines with more problems are those with later start, small coal mines and those with heavy historical burden, which are manifested as "three disunity" and "three two pieces of skin"!
Since the construction of dual prevention mechanism was put forward, the coal industry has been actively implemented and applied, and has achieved remarkable results. In 2017, the double prevention mechanism began to be built in an all-round way. The number of coal mine deaths dropped from 538 in 2016 to 375, and to 316 in 2019. In 2019, the death rate of one million tons of coal mines in China is 0.083, which is at the highest level in history.
Although the dual prevention mechanism overlaps with the original coal mine safety management method, there are distinct characteristics in the logical structure, management focus, specific methods and so on. Many coal mines have a certain gap in the understanding, understanding and application of the dual prevention mechanism, the combination with the original management of enterprises, and the construction and use of information platform, which affects the further deepening application of the dual prevention mechanism in the coal industry, resulting in its real potential not being exploited.
The safety science and emergency management research center of China University of mining and Technology (hereinafter referred to as the research center) summarizes and analyzes the problems existing in the current work through application research and enterprise research, and puts forward targeted solutions to promote the deep application of dual prevention mechanism in coal mines.
The construction level of dual prevention mechanism in coal mines is divided into three levels
Understanding the current situation of the construction and operation of the dual prevention mechanism in coal mines is the basis for the further improvement of its application efficiency in coal mines. In the past year, the research center has analyzed more than 500 coal mines under guidance and investigation, and roughly divided the construction level of the dual prevention mechanism of coal mines in China into three levels.
The first level is some large-scale coal groups guided by the top-level design, such as Yankuang Group, Yangmei group, Tongmei group, etc. the quality of risk identification, risk control and hidden danger closed-loop management is relatively high, which can achieve group control.
The second level is some large-scale, newly built and well managed coal mines. These coal mines have high quality employees, high equipment and technical level. The dual prevention mechanism and the enterprise's safety management can be integrated in practice, and the operation is relatively smooth.
The third level is some coal mines which started late, small coal mines and coal mines with heavy historical burden. Limited by the lack of attention to the dual prevention mechanism, the existence of deviation in understanding or lack of talents and other reasons, although the construction of dual prevention mechanism has been carried out more or less, it has not been effectively operated in the actual safety management, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect.
Coal mines in the third level account for the majority of coal mines in the country, with high proportion of accidents. Therefore, it is of great significance to summarize the problems existing in the construction of dual prevention mechanism in coal mines and put forward targeted solutions for coal mines in the third level, and even for promoting the safety management level of the coal industry in China.
Common problems are "three disunity" and "three two skins"
Through investigation and analysis, we think that the main problems in the construction of dual prevention mechanism in coal mines are "three disunity" and "three two skins".
"Three disunity", that is, disunity in understanding of dual prevention mechanism, disunity in oral and action, disunity in long-term and short-term operation.
The understanding of dual prevention mechanism is not unified. Although the construction of dual prevention mechanism has been put forward for 4 years, many coal mine managers and experts still have different understanding of it. Our investigation found that many coal mines have built two systems, with risks and hidden dangers independent of each other, which is obviously contrary to the requirements of dual prevention mechanism.
There is no unity between words and actions. Some coal mines pay great attention to the construction of dual prevention mechanism, but there are not many specific measures in practice, especially in the aspect of risk classification management and control. The disunity of words and actions has seriously affected the quality of the construction of dual prevention mechanism, which makes it a risk of image engineering.
The long-term and short-term operation are not unified. In some coal mines, the dual prevention mechanism only considers the current situation and lacks consideration of the actual situation changes. For example, many coal mines have not developed a system for continuous improvement of risk identification results and management and control measures, resulting in the gradual disconnection of risk identification results and management and control measures from practice. If the dual prevention mechanism is not continuously improved according to the actual changes of risk, it will lose its vitality.
"Three two skins", i.e. two skins for risk and hidden danger, two skins for system and management, and two skins for construction and application.
Risks and hidden dangers. The dual prevention mechanism combines the hidden danger investigation and control work of the coal mine in the past with the risk classification management and control. Risk and hidden danger are an organic whole which are interrelated, promoted and promoted. Many coal mines understand it as two independent parts, resulting in two skins of risks and hidden dangers.
System and management. Information construction is one of the keys to the effective operation of dual prevention mechanism. A large number of risk and hidden danger data will be generated during the operation of the dual prevention mechanism. By means of information technology, the database of risk and hidden danger will be continuously improved to improve the efficiency of business process, which can support the operation and continuous improvement of the dual prevention mechanism. However, some dual prevention management information systems of coal mines are out of line with the actual safety management work of enterprises, which leads to systematic and data-free equipment.
Construction and application of two skins. The purpose of the construction of dual prevention mechanism in some coal mines is not to focus on application, but to deal with inspection and acceptance, only to pursue the completeness of form, and to spend a lot of energy on the preparation of various materials of dual prevention mechanism. However, these materials are not used in daily safety management, nor the result of the operation of dual prevention mechanism, and also cause a huge burden on the mine.
The phenomenon of "three disunity" and "three two pieces of skin" exists in many coal mines, which greatly affects the construction and operation effect of dual prevention mechanism.
The implementation of the "28" construction law has achieved remarkable results
In view of the problems of "three disunity" and "three two pieces of skin", through cooperation with a large number of coal mines, we have summed up a set of "two eight" construction law which is in line with the construction of dual prevention mechanism of coal mines in China, namely, two leaders and eight fulcrums.
Two leaders refer to a series of basic principles and scientific construction process that enterprises should follow. Its basic principles include four "must", that is, risk identification must be fully covered, risk hidden dangers must be clearly divided, process design must be closed-loop, and system design must have assessment. Its construction process emphasizes "one combination and one differentiation", that is to innovate in combination with the requirements of management system construction process and information system construction process, and clearly distinguish the two stages of construction and operation.
Eight fulcrums are as follows: first, clarify the basic concepts of risks and hidden dangers and solve the two skin problems of risks and hidden dangers through training; second, solve the problem of different understandings by attaching importance to the construction of dual prevention mechanism; third, solve the two skin problems of construction and application by combining the personalized safety management process of the enterprise; fourth, solve the problem by clarifying the organizational structure and responsibilities at all levels The problems of inconsistency between oral and action; the fifth is to solve the problems of identification, no control and difficulty in long-term operation through the risk control list and tasks; the sixth is to implement the risk level control and solve the long-term and short-term operation problems through the process control of risk; the seventh is to solve the two skin problems of system and safety management through the information construction; the eighth is to solve the two skin problems through the dual The prevention mechanism is updated dynamically to solve the problem of continuous operation of dual prevention mechanism.
The two leaders, as the basis, not only stipulate the principle of dual prevention mechanism construction, but also standardize the construction process. On the basis of the principle of double prevention mechanism construction, the eight fulcrums support the rectification construction process, ensure that each construction stage is scientific and reasonable, and effectively solve the problems of "three disunity" and "three two skins".
At present, the "28" construction method has been applied in many coal mines in Shandong Province and Shanxi Province, and has received obvious results. On October 12, 2019, the "two eight" construction law made a key recommendation at the site promotion meeting of double prevention mechanism construction of Shandong coal mine held by Zhaizhen Coal Mine of Shandong new energy mining group.
In view of the key problems in the current construction of dual prevention mechanism, the "28" construction method has strong operability, which has important guiding significance for any coal mine that wants to continuously improve the operation efficiency of dual prevention mechanism, and also has reference value for the construction of dual prevention mechanism in other industries.
Editor: long Zhiyang editor: long Zhiyang
Official account of mine construction network
Official account of well construction technology