Analysis of common raw materials for cosmetics
Cosmetics are mainly a complex mixture of various raw materials that have been processed and processed. There are more than 4,000 kinds of raw materials used in cosmetics in the world. Cosmetics come in a wide variety of raw materials, including oils, waxes, moisturizers, sunscreens, surfactants, natural and synthetic organics, flavors, colors, preservatives and additives. Cosmetics production can be roughly divided into matrix materials and auxiliary materials. The matrix material is the main function of the main component of the cosmetic, and the auxiliary material is not used much, but can function as a product for forming, coloring and fragrant.
     1. Oily raw materials (oil, fat, wax): Oil, fat, and wax are the general term for oily substances, and are the base materials for skin care cosmetics, lipsticks, and hair care products. Mainly for skin care, smooth, moisturizing, curing and special effects.
   1. Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes: mainly coconut oil (Cocoanut oiL), Almond oil sweet, Olive oil, Castor Oil, Tea oil, Hoho Jojoba oil, Mink oil, Squalane, Snake oil, Lanolin oil, Cacao butter, Tollow, lard ), Dear fat lanolin (Lanolin); lecithin (Lecithin), shea butter, beeswax, white wax, and the like.
   2, mineral oils, waxes: mainly liquid paraffin (Liquid paraffin), Vaseline (Vaseline), paraffin (Paraffin Wax), ceresin, microcrystalline wax, etc.;
   3, synthetic oil: mainly fatty acids (such as stearic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, erucic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, undecylenic acid, etc.), fatty alcohols (such as stearyl alcohol, sixteen Octaol, cetyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, etc.), fatty acid esters (such as stearin, palm fine, glyceryl monostearate, glycerol trioleate, glycol stearin) Ethyl esters, etc., lanolin and its derivatives (such as acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin, lanolinic acid, lanolin alcohol, etc.), silicone oil series (such as dimethyl silicone oil, octamethyl silicone oil, etc.) ;


2. Surfactant
It is well known that water and oil are incompatible. Surfactants act as a blend of water and oil. It is able to change the interface performance. Therefore, we must have the reputation of "industrial MSG"; what is a surfactant? In the molecular structure of a substance, if it contains both an oleophilic group and a hydrophilic group, and it can change the surface tension, it is called a substance. The surfactant consists of two parts of opposite nature, one part being an oil-soluble lipophilic group and the other part being a water-soluble hydrophilic group.
(1) The role of surfactants
1. Emulsification and dispersion;
2, foaming and defoaming;
3. Wetting and osmosis;
4, washing decontamination;
5, solubilization;
6, sterilization effect;
7. Corrosion inhibition;
8, other anti-static, soft, smooth, reduce surface tension;
(2) Classification of surfactants:
   Water-soluble surfactant nonionic surfactant anionic surfactant
      Ionic surfactant cationic surfactant amphoteric surfactant
   Oil soluble surfactant
Special surfactant: (such as fluorine-containing, reactive, polymer)
    1. Nonionic surfactant: The nonionic surfactant does not dissociate when dissolved in water, and the lipophilic group in the molecule is substantially the same as the ionic surfactant, but the hydrophilic group is mainly composed of a certain amount. An oxygen-containing group. Since it is not present in the ionic state, it is not affected by the acid and alkali and the electrolyte. It has good properties such as washing, emulsifying, foaming, antistatic, sterilization and protection of colloids. Can be divided into two types of polyethylene glycol type and polyol type;
    2. Anionic surfactant: it is divided into high fatty acid salts, sulfonates, sulfate salts, etc.;
    3. Cationic surfactant: It mainly includes quaternary ammonium salt and amine salt type; it is characterized in that the hydrophobic group is a cation, and its detergency and foaming power are inferior to those of anionic surfactant. Mainly used for sterilization, antistatic, dispersion and special emulsification.
    4. Amphoteric surfactants: The molecules of amphoteric surfactants consist of a non-polar moiety and a positively charged group and a negatively charged group. There are mainly amphoteric surfactants such as imidazoline type, amino acid type, amino acid type, betaine type and taurine type;
    5. Special surfactant: It is mainly composed of special groups. a surfactant having a special effect;
    3. Moisturizer: To make the skin smooth, soft and elastic, keep the skin in a good state, it is necessary to keep the water content of the stratum corneum of the skin within a certain range, generally considered to be between 10-20%, preferably less than 10 % is easy to dry, rough and so on. Because of this, you should add a moisturizer to your cosmetics.
(1). What is a moisturizer: It is also called a moisturizer. It can add some water to the skin to prevent dry skin. The water-absorbing substance with high hygroscopicity for the purpose of replenishing the water in the stratum corneum is called a moisturizer.
(b). What are the main humectants? Mainly: glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3 butanediol, sodium lactate, polyethylene glycol, urea, hyaluronic acid, hydrolyzed collagen, collagen, mucopolysaccharide, etc.
   4. Fragrance: Any substance that has aroma and aroma that can cause a special feeling in people's sense of smell is always called a spice. It includes spices and flavors. Perfumes include natural and synthetic flavors; natural flavors include botanical and animal flavors. The spices are blended to form a fragrance (food flavor and daily flavor).
Attachment: Example of recipe:
1. Clove flavor (1): jasmine aldehyde 15.2%, terpineol 7.4, hydroxy aryl aldehyde 18, phenylethyl alcohol 18, sulphur oil 2.55, linalool 1, anisaldehyde 7, cinnamyl alcohol 1.7, hydrazine (10%) ) 2.55, phenylethyl alcohol (50%) 0.5, benzyl alcohol 17, jasmine flavor 9.1;
2. Clove flavor (2): Jasmine aldehyde 5.55%, terpineol 20.6, hydroxy aryl aldehyde 7.2, benzyl acetate 5.55, phenylethyl alcohol 26.4, isoeugenol 0.9, linalool 3.7, anisaldehyde 1.3, methylpentyl Cinnamaldehyde 0.25, cinnamyl 7.4, jasmine oil 5.6, p-cresol acetate (10%) 0.45, hydrazine (10%) 0.1, phenylacetaldehyde (50%) 0.25, jasmine flavor 0.9, phthalic acid II Ethyl ester 3, phenethyl acetal (10%) 1, methyl anthranilate (10%) 0.2, ethyl benzoate 5.65, rose oil 1.25, p-cresol (10%) 0.45, hyacinth net Oil 1.3;
3. Jasmine essence: benzyl acetate 45, amyl cinnamaldehyde 20, linalool 16, acetic acid lysate 5, south fuel 1, benzyl propionate 5, phenyl acetate (10 times diluted), benzyl isoeugenol 3 ;
     5. Preservatives: Choose a suitable and effective antiseptic bactericide in cosmetics to prevent and protect cosmetics from deterioration due to the action of microorganisms. Such substances are called preservatives. Commonly used are: sodium benzoate, parabens, Kaisong, Joman-115, Bropol, formaldehyde solution, sorbic acid, perfume with phenol structure, ethanol and so on.