1. Different electrification propertiesCations: ions with one or more positive charges;Anion an ion with one or more negative charges.2. Different principlesCation: an atom loses one or more electrons due to external interaction, so that the number of electrons in its outermost shell reaches a stable structure.Anion: the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom stabilized by external interaction with one or more electrons.3. Different number of electrons in the outermost shellCations: the number of electrons in the outermost layer of the nucleus is less than 4;Anion: the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a nucleus greater than 4.4. Different functions of releasing electronsCations: the larger the radius of the atom, the stronger the electron loss ability of the atom, the stronger the metallic property.Anion: the smaller the radius of the atom, the greater the ability to absorb electrons, the more nonmetallic.